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ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Quick Revision IMP Notes For Last Time Preparation

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ENERGY TECHNOLOGY(2170505)

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Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics I

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Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics I



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Applied Chemistry

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INTRODUCTION AND FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
The scope of thermodynamics, Dimensions and units, Measures of amount or size, Force, temperature, pressure, work, energy, heat, etc. Internal Energy, Enthalpy, The first law of thermodynamics, Thermodynamic state, state functions, Energy balance for closed systems, Equilibrium, The Phase rule, The reversible process, Heat capacity, Application of first law of thermodynamics to steady state flow process.

VOLUMETRIC PROPERTIES OF PURE FLUIDS
PVT behavior of pure substances, Ideal and non-ideal gases, Equation of states, Virial, Cubic, Vanderwaals EOS, Redlich/Kwong (RK) EOS etc., Calculation of constants in terms of Pc, Tc, Vc. Generalized Correlations for gases and liquids.

HEAT EFFECTS
Sensible heat effects, Temperature dependence of the heat capacity, Latent heats of pure substances, Approximate methods for the estimation of the latent heat of vaporization, Standard heat of reaction, Standard heat of formation, Standard heat of combustion, Temperature Dependence of ?H°, Heat effects of Industrial Reactions.

SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
Statements of second law of thermodynamics, Heat engines, Thermodynamic Temperature Scales, Concept of entropy, Entropy changes of an Ideal Gas, Third law of thermodynamics

THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
The fundamental property relations for homogeneous phases, Maxwell’s equations, Residual properties, Mathematical relations among thermodynamic properties, Two phase systems, Thermodynamic diagrams.

THERMODYNAMICS OF FLOW PROCESS
Fundamental equations and relationships, flow in pipes, maximum velocity in pipe flow, nozzles, Single and Multistage compressors and ejectors.

REFRIGERATION AND LIQUEFACTION
Carnot refrigerator, Vapor compression cycle, Absorption refrigeration, Choice of refrigerant, Heat pump, Liquefaction processes.





Material and Energy Balance Computations


Material and Energy Balance Computations (Process Calculation)

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Process Calculation



Material and Energy Balance Computations 


Units & Dimensions

        Dimensions & system of units, Fundamental and derived units, Unit conversion and its significance, Dimensional consistency, Dimensional Equations

Basic Chemical Calculations        

           Concepts of atomic weight, equivalent weight and mole. Composition of solids, liquids and solutions (weight percent, mole percent, molarity, normality etc.), other expressions for concentration, Average molecular weight and density, Gaseous mixtures, Ideal gas laws and its applications, Raoult’s law, Henry’s law, Amagat’s Law & Dalton’s law, Humidity and Saturation

Material Balance without Chemical Reactions

                    Introduction, Process flow sheet, solving material balance problems without chemical reactions of unit operations like Absorption and Stripping, Distillation, Extractions and Leaching, Drying, Evaporation, crystallization, Mixing/Blending, etc., Material balance of unsteady state operations, Material balance with and without recycle; Bypass and Purge streams

Material balances with Chemical reaction

                Concept of limiting and excess reactants, percentage conversion, selectivity and yield. Material balance involving reactions with special reference to fertilizers, petrochemicals, dyestuffs, electrochemical industries. Complex material balances

Energy balances

        Heat capacity of gases and gaseous mixtures, liquids & solids, Sensible heat change in liquid & gases, enthalpy changes during phase transformation, enthalpy changes accompanied by chemical reactions, standard heat of reaction, Hess’s law, dissolutions of solids, Adiabatic reactions, heat of solution by partial molar quantities

Fuel & Combustion

Types of fuels, calorific value of fuels, liquid fuels, gaseous fuel etc. Proximate and ultimate analysis, combustion calculations, Air requirement and flue gases.


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Material and Energy Balance Computations


Applied Chemistry

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Applied Chemistry 



Syllabus covers in this subject..


1.Physical Properties and Chemical Constitution of matter 

            Additive & Constitutive properties: Parachor, Viscosity, Dipole Moment, Molar Refraction, Optical activity, Magnetic properties. Preparation and theory of Solution: Mole Fraction, Normality, Molality, Molarity, Lowering of vapor pressure, Elevation of Boiling point, Depression of Freezing point, Osmosis & Osmotic pressure.

2.General Principle of Organic Reactions

        Electronegativity, Electron Displacement Effect, Fission of Covalent Bond, Reactive Intermediate, Organic Species based on Carbon and Nitrogen, Types of Organic reaction and Mechanism.


3. Stereochemistry

            Optical, Geometrical and Conformational Isomerism: Optical activity, Polarimeter, Specific rotation, Enantiomers, Diasteromers, Optical activity in Lactic and Tartaric acid, R and S configuration of Optically active compound and E and Z designation of Geometrical isomers. Resolution of racemic mixture.Conformations of cyclic and acyclic systems.

4. Introduction to quantum theory for chemical systems/Co-ordination Chemistry (Chemical Bonding)
    
            Wave Mechanical approach of atom, Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, Schrodinger Wave Equation, Applications to Hydrogenatom, Atomic orbitals& MO theory, Types of Hybridisation, Structure-Bonding and shapes of certain molecules. Understanding of different bonds.

5. The Phase Rule

        Introduction, Phase, Components, Degree of freedom, Derivation of Gibb’s Phase, Three & Four Phase-One component system like water, sulphur systems, Two component -Eutectic systems like Silver-Lead, Zinc-Cadmium, Ferric Chloride-Water system

6. Chemical Kinetics

            Introduction, Reaction rate, Units of rate, Rate laws, Order of a reaction, Zero order reaction, Molecularity of a reaction, Pseudo-order reaction, first order reaction with numerical, second order reaction, third order reaction, units of rate constant.

7.Thermochemistry
    
            Introduction, Internal Energy, Enthalpy of reaction, Endothermic reaction, Exothermic reaction, and numerical. Thermo-chemical equations like heat of reaction, heat of combustion, heat of neutralisation, heat of transition, Hess’s Law of constant heat summation and its application, Experimental measurement of heat of reaction.

8. Semi&Non-crystalline/amorphous materials

            Classification, structure and configuration of Ceramics, Refractories & Insulators, polymers,copolymers, liquid crystals and amphiphiles: Silicates, glass transition temperature and viscoelasticity. NanoComposites: role of reinforcement-matrix interface. Strength on composite behaviour, Biomaterials, material related to catalyst such as zeolites, silica.

9. Analytical Techniques:

            Principles of Electronic, Florescence, NMR & Mass spectroscopy, Surface characterization techniques: SEM and TEM.Introduction to experimental techniques:XRD, PSA, etc. for material characterizationhighlighting links between molecular structure and macroscopic properties.


What we learn from this subject?

  1. Identify and describe reactivity patterns in organic reaction.
  2. Explain theoretical principles underlying molecular structure, bonding and properties
  3. Describe the importance and relevance of Hard and soft materials and also their characterization, properties and uses in engineering applications.
  4. Distinguish the difference between the different orders of reaction and apply accordingly.
  5. Utilize different thermo dynamical laws to explain course of reactions.
  6. Apply the different spectroscopic techniques to explain the inner & surface characteristic of molecules.

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Applied Chemistry
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Fuels and Combustion

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Energy Technology

        For the study of energy technology many books are available. among them the book by Samir Sarkar is best for referring topics like solid fuels, liquid fuels, Combustion process.


Fuels and Combustion


Fuels and Combustion By samir sarkar

        Fuels associate degreed Combustion could be a systematic and comprehensive work on a theme that forms an integral a part of the college boy degree courses in Chemical, Mechanical, metallurgic and aeronautic Engineering. whereas accentuation the elemental principles, the book provides a balanced treatment of energy resources, process of fuels, fundamentals of combustion and combustion appliances. The book takes a distinct approach by coping with the topics in associate degree Indian context. The third edition of the book features a fully new introduction, layout and design; new statistics are value-added to produce up-to-date info.



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